There are plenty of reasons to invest in life settlements. This alternative investment has developed due to a unique necessity. In fact, it has caused a positive impact for both institutional investors and the insured individual.
The prolonged low-interest-rate environment is forcing investors to embark on paths away from traditional assets as they seek a reasonable return. For the insured, selling their life insurance policy to a third party is one of the solutions to fund retirement. Hence, we have a win-win outcome.
What are life settlements? A life settlement is the sale of an existing life insurance policy to a third party. The cash payment is more than its cash surrender value, but less than its net death benefit. “On average, policy sellers receive anywhere from four to seven times the amount of the policy’s current cash surrender value”1
Why should institutional investors consider the life settlements asset class? We review the top 6 reasons to invest in Life Settlements below.
1. Attractive Returns
Investment in US life policies offers the opportunity for very attractive US$ denominated returns once you appreciate its strengths and limitations.
Our preferred strategy is to buy and to hold to maturity, physical life policies that meet certain strict criteria and that have passed rigorous due diligence. Synthetic variants of longevity investments miss many value opportunities presented by physical policies. Additionally, they are opaque as to fees and assumptions.
The lowest risk entry point, to the asset class, offers “rule of thumb” returns of 500-600 bps over the equivalent tenor US treasury rate. A carefully considered walk up the risk profile path could potentially add 50-100% to this return target.
This is even more attractive when you consider that the underlying credit risk of these instruments is very low.
The risk premium essentially falls into two categories:
- Uncertainty of tenor,
- Limited liquidity.
To clarify, it is precisely this aspect of limited liquidity that shields this asset from taking on the correlations of other markets. If you are comfortable with these aspects the asset class is worth considering.
2. The Market is Essential and Thriving
Demographic factors and the growing awareness of the life settlements option has seen a steady increase in supply. Currently, investors are more focused on entering the tertiary market and buying distressed portfolios, and new capital in the secondary market remains scarce. However, investors are likely to move back toward the secondary market as tertiary market supply diminishes.
Moreover, the supply of secondary life insurance policy is going to continue to increase as the baby boomers enter retirement. The potential for growth of the market simply comes down to the necessity of funding retirement and managing health.
What do the experts say about the supply?
- Although the secondary market has slowed the potential to grow is still there. Life Insurance Settlement Association (LISA) states that ‘there are 38 million life insurance policies owned by American seniors over the age of 65. These have a collective face value of more than $3 trillion.’ 2
- The number of retirees in the US market continues to increase. As per the U.S Census Bureau, “residents age 65 and over grew from 35.0 million in 2000, to 49.2 million in 2016, accounting for 12.4 per cent and 15.2 per cent of the total population, respectively”.3
- According to, the Merrill Lynch Finances in Retirement Survey, released in March 2017, the USA retirement population will increase by 10,000 new retirees a day. Meanwhile, the management of retirement income will increasingly rely on the individual person.4 (Merrill Lynch pp.6). The costs associated with health care is the primary concern for retirement. 4 (Merrill Lynch pp.12). “Increasing life expectancy, coupled with the aging of the large Baby Boomer generation, will potentially give rise to growing numbers of older adults confronting chronic diseases, such as arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer’s.”4(Merrill Lynch pp.15)
- In their latest research, Conning Inc, reported that the market size for USA life insurance policies was USD$29 billion and it, “forecast that an annual volume of new life settlements will average approximately 1.8 billion per year”. 5
Life Settlements Awareness
“Each year, more than $140 billion worth of life insurance owned by Americans over the age of 65 is lapsed or surrendered back to the insurance companies that sold the policies. Mostly from a lack of knowledge that an unneeded or unaffordable policy may be sold.”6 However, the awareness of life settlements is on the rise. LISA is dedicated to encouraging the provision of financial advice. Specifically, the option of selling life policies in the life settlements market.
Recently, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has endorsed life settlements as one of many financial mechanisms for funding long-term care (LTC).7 This is a monumental movement in LISA’s awareness campaign for life settlements.
3. The Market Is Regulated
In the United States, insurance is regulated at the state level, although state regulators have a national body known as the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC).
The regulatory framework, which protects both the policyholder and the investor, is robust and continuing to strengthen. Not only does this provide protection but it also enhances market transparency and reputation. The regulation of the life insurance secondary market now exists in 42 states and the territory of Puerto Rico. In short, this offers approximately 90% of the United States population protection under comprehensive life settlement laws and regulations.8
A growing number of American states include Life Settlements under their definition of securities. Many states have adopted the consumer protection approach or both. Additionally, some states have used existing insurance regulations to control potential fraud.
Recent Regulation
Recently, the state of Florida released state legislation, HB 1077, to help combat insurer fraud in the state. Specifically, the law encourages full disclosure by the life insurer. Most importantly, to inform the insured to consult a licensed advisor on their options before making any changes to their policy.9 Consumers are able to make better judgements on their policy as they will be informed of a full range of options. The state of Florida is the leader in legislation that impacts seniors in America. There is hope that other states will follow their example.
If an investor is looking at investing in the asset class they should also consider partnering with life settlements fund manager which demonstrates a significant amount of experience in the industry and knowledge of the regulatory landscape.
4. Low Volatility and Diversification
The current investment market is consumed by historical volatility of the equity and real estate markets in particular, but also the well-publicised failures in both fixed interest and derivative-based hedge funds. Coupled with this are historically low-interest rates and instability in the stock market. This suggests that investors more than ever need to consider diversification into non-traditional asset classes.
This asset class has real diversification qualities compared to traditional investments. Evidently, investment performance is primarily derived from the mortality of the insured. It is reasonable to accept that someone’s death does not link to the rise and fall of the financial markets. Mortality is, therefore, deemed a minimally correlated risk. Consequently, the asset has a low correlation to equity, property, bond markets and other alternative assets.
The intrinsic characteristics of Insurance Securities such as Life Settlements are by nature significantly less volatile than say listed securities. Being non-identical, non-market traded physical securities means reductions in volatility.
Investing in the life settlements asset provides genuine and unique value to institutional investors seeking diversification with low volatility.
5. Risk Reward Profile
As the popularity of the asset grows some investors are demanding a quick return profile with a high level of liquidity. This is typical with the marketing of retail investment schemes. This asset requires a patient investor with the ability and will to hold to maturity. Investors should commit to at least 8 to 10-year horizon in order to realise a respectable gross risk-adjusted return.
Although the market is considered low risk an investor can unwittingly make high-risk decisions. For example, an investor may purchase a tertiary portfolio for far less than the original purchase price with the expectation of above-average returns. However, this portfolio may exhibit poor mortality experience. This may be due to poorly executed buying decisions and due diligence or flawed life expectancy estimates.
Buying the best fit policy types is particularly crucial from a risk management standpoint. The ability to purchase a large pool of appropriately diversified lives will hinge directly on the amount of invested capital and the number of lives in the portfolio. The smaller the portfolio the more difficult it is for the investment to closely follow actuarial predictions. Small portfolios exhibit lumpy returns.
How are returns achieved?
A portfolio is constructed, valued and returns forecast using the predicted mortality spread. In a portfolio, the narrower the band of projected returns, the more certainty there is that those events will occur in that time frame. Conversely, a portfolio with a wide predicted mortality spread would be expected to have more volatility. The investor needs to be aware that as the size of a portfolio increases so does the confidence in the statistical predictions.
Your returns hinge on the characteristics of the insured lives in the portfolio. The foundation of this investment philosophy should be that risk and reward are assessed at an individual policy level. Once performed only then can a pool of policies be reviewed for a potential return. Constructing a portfolio of life settlements assets is an art and science. In fact, every new life policy you analyse will potentially have features and data idiosyncratic to that case alone. This is true even when potentially comparing different policies on the same insured life and issued by the same insurance company. A skilled asset manager can gauge masses of generic data in an effort to recognise and optimise crucial features.
6. The Asset Quality
One of the key features, you should consider, is that the asset offers a known future cash flow. This future projected cash flow is from a contracted benefit that is not at the risk of the markets.
It is not a matter of IF an investor will receive a return but simply WHEN. Provided, that the asset has been serviced appropriately the only uncertainty is the timing of the final cash flow.
Like any investment, you want to be sure you get paid in due course. This asset exhibits outstanding credit quality. The U.S. life insurance industry exhibits an unblemished record with respect to the payment of valid death benefit claims. We hedge that risk further through purchasing policies issued by a spread of the most financially strong insurance companies. US life policies boast underlying credit quality higher than most bank-issued bonds. Death benefits are paid out of legally distinct statutory reserves that are closely regulated. This was proven when claims were still paid even during the depths of the global financial crisis.
About Global Insurance Settlements Funds PLC (GISF)
Global Insurance Settlements Funds PLC (GISF) is incorporated in Ireland. An umbrella type investment company. The fund permits segregated liability between sub-funds. The first sub-fund launched, GIS General Fund (the Fund), is listed on the Irish Stock Exchange.
This structure is aimed at Sophisticated / Institutional investors. It provides tax clarity by ensuring there is no tax leakage. It enables a number of different investment options to suit the specific needs of our investors.
The Fund’s core activity is to actively manage a large and diverse portfolio of life insurance policies (life settlements) issued by companies in the USA. Policies are sourced by licensed U.S. provider companies. The Board of GISF selects those that best meet the Fund’s policy purchase criteria.
References
- 1. Life Insurance Settlement Association, 2017, Consumer Advisors, Benefits for You, accessed 28th July 2017, < http://www.lisa.org/consumer-advisors#tabs04 >
- Life Insurance Settlement Association, 2017, Consumer Advisors, Why Sell, accessed 28th July 2017, <http://www.lisa.org/consumer-advisors#tabs00 >
- United States Census Bureau, (22 June 2017) The Nation’s Older Population Is Still Growing, Census Bureau Reports, Release Number: CB17-100, Media Release, accessed 28th July 2017, <https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2017/cb17-100.html >
- Merrill Lynch Wealth Management, March 2017, Finances in Retirement: New Challenges, New Solutions A Merrill Lynch Retirement Study, conducted in partnership with Age Wave, accessed 28th July 2017, <https://mlaem.fs.ml.com/content/dam/ML/Articles/pdf/ML_Finance-Study-Report_2017.pdf >
- Conning Inc, 2016, ‘Life Settlements, Secondary Annuities, and Structured Settlements: Rate Increases Squeeze Returns’, pp. 11
- Costa. W, 29th June 2017, CFP Board Proposal to extend fiduciary duty could improve awareness of life settlements, Life Insurance Settlement Association, blog, accessed 28th July 2017, <http://www.lisa.org/consumer-advisors/blogs/blog/2017/06/29/cfp-board-proposal-to-extend-fiduciary-duty-could-improve-awareness-of-life-settlements>
- Life Insurance Settlement Association, 26th July 2017, Life Settlements Endorsed by NAIC Innovation Group as Private Market Option for Financing Long-Term Care Services, accessed 28th July 2017, <http://www.lisa.org/life-policy-owners/consumer-news/2017/07/26/life-settlements-endorsed-by-naic-innovation-group-as-private-market-option-for-financing-long-term-care-services>
- Life Insurance Settlement Association, 2017, Life Settlements Regulation, accessed 28th July 2017, < http://www.lisa.org/industry-resources/life-settlement-regulation>
- Bayston.D, 27th June 2017, Florida Legislation is Good News for Seniors Who Want to Make Changes to Life Insurance Policies, Life Insurance Settlement Association, blog, accessed 28th July 2017,. <http://www.lisa.org/life-policy-owners/consumer-blog/blog/2017/06/27/florida-legislation-is-good-news-for-seniors-who-want-to-make-changes-to-life-insurance-policies>
Disclaimer
Disclaimer: This information is intended for qualifying investors only and was correct at the time of preparation. It has been prepared to provide general information only. It should not be considered as a “securities recommendation” or an “invitation to invest” in any jurisdiction. Potential investors should consider the relevance of this information to their particular circumstances. Before proceeding, investors must obtain the prospectus and take their own legal and taxation advice. If you acquire or hold one of our products we will receive fees and other benefits as disclosed in the prospectus and relevant offering documents.
